{"id":35,"date":"2023-07-29T14:43:05","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T11:43:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ajmi.stamford.edu\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2023-07-30T05:56:46","modified_gmt":"2023-07-30T02:56:46","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ajmi.stamford.edu\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u061f \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"primary-content-inner entry-content-inner d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row glob-container-outer\">\n<div class=\"primary-content-inner-2 entry-content-inner-2 glob-container\">\n<div class=\"entry-header-outer\"><span style=\"font-family: var(--FontType),-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Oxygen,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,'Helvetica Neue','Open Sans',Arial,sans-serif;\">\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"primary-content-inner-3\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"primary-content-inner-4 entry-content\">\n<div class=\"ad\" data-label=\"\" data-ad-location=\"entry_content_after_p_1\">\n<div class=\"adsense-unit\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a 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--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- primary-content-inner-3 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- primary-content-inner-2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- primary-content-inner --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"primary-content-inner-4 entry-content\">\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 &#8230; <a title=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u061f 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