Eudaimonic and Hedonic Wellbeing among Bangkokians: A Qualitative Study of Maslow’s Needs, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values

Abstract

What contributes to a person’s wellbeing varies from culture to culture and from individual to individual. Some determinants of happiness, though, seem to be similar among certain groups of people. Focusing on Bangkokians living in low- and middle-income neighborhoods, this qualitative study seeks to (i) discuss which levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are most influential for eudaimonic and hedonic wellbeing, and (ii) determine whether intrinsic values are more prominent than extrinsic values for happiness. The interviews indicate that the first three levels of Maslow’s pyramid were mostly met, thus creating the conditions for the participants to focus on esteem and self-actualization needs. Families’ quality of life seems to have the strongest influence on individual subjective wellbeing, which is rooted in Asian philosophies and collectivism. It is also a strong predictor of short- and long-term happiness since the aspirations of most interviewees were related to their family’s wellbeing and personal growth. Moreover, intrinsic values focusing on family, relationships, and career development proved to be more prominent than extrinsic values to achieve happiness. These results can help managers and policy makers focus on group strategies and enhance family support in Thailand.